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Fullerenes had been predicted for some time, but only after their accidental synthesis in 1985 were they detected in nature [3] [4] and outer space. [5] [6] The discovery of fullerenes greatly expanded the number of known allotropes of carbon, which had previously been limited to graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon such as soot and charcoal.
Fullerene or C 60 is soccer-ball-shaped or I h with 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. According to Euler's theorem these 12 pentagons are required for closure of the carbon network consisting of n hexagons and C 60 is the first stable fullerene because it is the smallest possible to obey this rule.
Fullerene is a relatively new substance in chemistry sciences. Buckminsterfullerene itself was discovered in 1985 [1] and the first fullerene-containing polymers were reported at least 6 [2] years later. The main milestones in the use of fullerene in polymer chemistry are listed below: 1992 – Synthesis of organometallic C 60 polymer (C 60 Pd ...
These endohedral fullerenes are usually synthesized by doping in the metal atoms in an arc reactor or by laser evaporation. These methods gives low yields of endohedral fullerenes, and a better method involves the opening of the cage, packing in the atoms or molecules, and closing the opening using certain organic reactions. This method ...
Besides unfilled fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes develop with different cage sizes like La@C 60 or La@C 82 and as different isomer cages. Aside from the dominant presence of mono-metal cages, numerous di-metal endohedral complexes and the tri-metal carbide fullerenes like Sc 3 C 2 @C 80 were also isolated. In 1999 a discovery drew ...
Fullerides are chemical compounds containing fullerene anions. Common fullerides are derivatives of the most common fullerenes, i.e. C 60 and C 70. The scope of the area is large because multiple charges are possible, i.e., [C 60] n− (n = 1, 2...6), and all fullerenes can be converted to fullerides. The suffix "-ide" implies their negatively ...
These properties recommend DBU for use as a catalyst, for example as a curing agent for epoxy resins and polyurethane. It is used in the separation of fullerenes in conjunction with trimethylbenzene. It reacts with C 70 and higher fullerenes, but not with C 60. It is useful for dehydrohalogenations. [7]
Fullerene whiskers and tubes are held together by weak van der Waals forces, and hence are very soft. [1] They can be grown by precipitation at an interface between two liquids. They are semiconductors and have potential uses in field-effect transistors , solar cells , chemical sensors, and photocatalysts .