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Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. [5] [6] It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. [5]As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.
Sugar alcohols can be, and often are, produced from renewable resources.Particular feedstocks are starch, cellulose and hemicellulose; the main conversion technologies use H 2 as the reagent: hydrogenolysis, i.e. the cleavage of C−O single bonds, converting polymers to smaller molecules, and hydrogenation of C=O double bonds, converting sugars to sugar alcohols.
Each of these is composed of two sugars: glucose and mannitol in the case of 1,1-GPM and glucose and sorbitol (also known as glucitol) in the case of 1,6-GPS. Complete hydrolysis of isomalt yields glucose (50%), sorbitol (25%), and mannitol (25%). [1] Isomalt is an odorless, white, crystalline substance containing about 5% water of crystallisation.
Glucose, like mannitol, is a sugar that can behave as an osmotic diuretic. Unlike mannitol, glucose is commonly found in the blood. However, in certain conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, the concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) exceeds the maximum reabsorption capacity of the kidney. When this happens, glucose remains in ...
Hypertonic saline may be preferable to mannitol in persons with hypovolemia or hyponatremia. [44] Mannitol is an alcohol derivative of simple sugar mannose, and is historically the most commonly used osmotic diuretic. [3] Mannitol acts as an inert solute in the blood, decreasing ICP through osmosis as discussed above. [44]
A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses foster the nurse's independent practice (e.g., patient comfort or relief) compared to dependent interventions driven by physician ...
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. [1] Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. [1]
In enzymology, a mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD + D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-mannitol 1-phosphate and NAD +, whereas its 3 products are fructose 6-phosphate, NADH and H +.
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