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Hookworm. Hookworm vaccine is a vaccine against hookworm. [1] No effective vaccine for the disease in humans has yet been developed. Hookworms, parasitic nematodes transmitted in soil, infect approximately 700 million humans, particularly in tropical regions of the world where endemic hookworms include Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.
In humans, treatment is by anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole and mebendazole. [13] Treatment in animals can be done with a variety of anthelminthics. [1] A high-protein diet, supplemental iron, or a blood transfusion may also be necessary. [1] Levamisole and pyrantel pamoate are also used to treat hookworm anemia and hookworm disease.
Two common hookworm infections in humans are ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis, caused by the species Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus respectively. Hookworm eggs are deposited in the stools of infected people. If these end up in the environment, they can hatch into larvae (immature worms), which can then penetrate the skin. One type ...
While a five-year course of treatment for MS with Tysabri, made by Biogen Idec and Elan Pharmaceuticals, costs about $140,000, Lawrence charges $3,050 for a treatment. The worms live three to 10 ...
A number of such organisms are currently being investigated for their use as treatment, including: Trichuris suis ova, [6] [7] commonly known as pig whipworm eggs; Necator americanus, [8] commonly known as hookworms; Trichuris trichiura ova, [9] commonly referred to as human whipworm eggs; and Hymenolepis diminuta, commonly known as rat tapeworm.
Hookworm species are not easily distinguished from the gross appearance. The key diagnostic feature is the appearance of their mouths. Unlike other hookworms, A. ceylanicum has a mouth with cutting plate with a sharp dorsal end that looks like a tooth and a less distinct sharp ventral end. [2]
Mebendazole (MBZ), sold under the brand name Vermox among others, is a medication used to treat a number of parasitic worm infestations. [5] This includes ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infections, guinea worm infections and hydatid disease, among others. [5] It has been used for treatment of giardiasis but is not a preferred agent.
Levamisole, sold under the brand name Ergamisol among others, is a medication used to treat parasitic worm infections, specifically ascariasis and hookworm infections. [1] It is taken by mouth. [2] Side effects may include abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and dizziness. [2] Use is not recommended during breastfeeding or the third trimester ...