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Following Lisp, other high-level programming languages which feature linked lists as primitive data structures have adopted an append. To append lists, as an operator, Haskell uses ++, OCaml uses @. Other languages use the + or ++ symbols to nondestructively concatenate a string, list, or array.
In computer science, an associative array, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. In mathematical terms, an associative array is a function with finite domain. [1] It supports 'lookup', 'remove', and 'insert ...
The arrays are heterogeneous: a single array can have keys of different types. PHP's associative arrays can be used to represent trees, lists, stacks, queues, and other common data structures not built into PHP. An associative array can be declared using the following syntax:
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
NumPy (pronounced / ˈ n ʌ m p aɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3]
Note that fmap, join, append and bind are well-defined, since they're applied to progressively deeper arguments at each recursive call. The list type is an additive monad, with nil as the monadic zero and append as monadic sum. Lists form a monoid under the append operation. The identity element of the monoid is the empty list, nil.
The decorator pattern is a design pattern used in statically-typed object-oriented programming languages to allow functionality to be added to objects at run time; Python decorators add functionality to functions and methods at definition time, and thus are a higher-level construct than decorator-pattern classes.
The dynamic array has performance similar to an array, with the addition of new operations to add and remove elements: Getting or setting the value at a particular index (constant time) Iterating over the elements in order (linear time, good cache performance) Inserting or deleting an element in the middle of the array (linear time)