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  2. Evolutionary approaches to depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_approaches_to...

    One way depression increases the individual's focus on a problem is by inducing rumination. Depression activates the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which increases attention control and maintains problem-related information in an "active, accessible state" referred to as "working memory", or WM. As a result, depressed individuals have ...

  3. History of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_depression

    The term depression was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press down". [12] From the 14th century, "to depress" meant to subjugate or to bring down in spirits. It was used in 1665 in English author Richard Baker's Chronicle to refer to someone having "a great depression of spirit", and by English author Samuel Johnson in a similar ...

  4. Antidepressants are considered a first line treatment for depression. While these medications are assessable to most, and effective enough to reduce clinical manifestations and increase quality of life for many suffering from depression, they are often not effective for severe depression and they come with a large array of side effects.

  5. History of bipolar disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_bipolar_disorder

    The word melancholia is derived from melas/μελας, meaning "black", and chole/χολη, meaning "bile" or "gall", [1] indicative of the term's origins in pre-Hippocratic humoral theories. A man known as Aretaeus of Cappadocia has the first records of analyzing the symptoms of depression and mania in the 1st century of Greece. There is ...

  6. Behavioral theories of depression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_theories_of...

    Depression is a significant mental illness with physiological and psychological consequences, including sluggishness, diminished interest and pleasure, and disturbances in sleep and appetite. [1] It is predicted that by the year 2030, depression will be the number one cause of disability in the United States and other high-income countries. [2]

  7. History of psychiatry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_psychiatry

    During the 5th century BCE, mental disorders, especially those with psychotic traits, were considered supernatural in origin, [5] a view which existed throughout ancient Greece and Rome. [5] The beginning of psychiatry as a medical specialty is dated to the middle of the nineteenth century, [ 6 ] although one may trace its germination to the ...

  8. History of psychotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_psychotherapy

    Being oriented towards symptom-relief, collaborative empiricism and modifying core beliefs, this approach has gained widespread acceptance as a primary treatment for numerous disorders. Since the 1970s, other major perspectives have been developed and adopted within the field.

  9. Trick-or-treating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trick-or-treating

    Despite the concept of trick-or-treating originating in Britain and Ireland in the form of souling and guising, the use of the term "trick or treat" at the doors of homeowners was not common until the 1980s, with its popularisation in part through the release of the film E.T. [72] Guising requires those going door-to-door to perform a song or ...