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Canadian Confederation (French: Confédération canadienne) was the process by which three British North American provinces—the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick—were united into one federation, called the Dominion of Canada, on July 1, 1867.
The politics of Canada functions within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions. [1] Canada is a constitutional monarchy where the monarch is the ceremonial head of state.
The federal government is partially limited by powers assigned to the provincial legislatures; for example, the Canadian constitution created broad provincial jurisdiction over direct taxation and property and civil rights. Many disputes between the two levels of government revolve around conflicting interpretations of the meaning of these powers.
The Supreme Court of Canada has held that this list is not exhaustive and that the Constitution of Canada includes a number of pre-confederation acts and unwritten components as well. [7] [8] The Canadian constitution also includes the fundamental principles of federalism, democracy, constitutionalism and the rule of law, and respect for ...
The Quebec Conference was held from October 10 to 24, 1864, to discuss a proposed Canadian confederation. [1] It was in response to the shift in political ground when the United Kingdom and the United States had come very close to engaging in war with each other. [2]
John A. Macdonald, Canada's first Prime Minister and Minister of Justice developed the original principles of disallowance. Following Confederation in 1867, the Dominion government began the process of interpreting the new British North America Act and determining the responsibilities
Starting with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, New France, of which the colony of Canada was a part, formally became a part of the British Empire.The Royal Proclamation of 1763 enlarged the colony of Canada under the name of the Province of Quebec, which with the Constitutional Act 1791 became known as the Canadas.
Macdonald figured that, while the political framework had been created in 1867, the economy would only last as long as the election lasted. To maintain a permanent strong national economy for the Confederation, Macdonald needed to engrave these factors for the future of the economy.