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Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula Li Cl.The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li + ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and its hygroscopic properties.
Solubility of LiCl in various solvents (g LiCl / 100g of solvent at 25 °C) H 2 O: 84.5 Liquid ammonia: 3.02 Liquid sulfur dioxide: 0.012 Methanol: 21 - 41 Formic acid: 27.5 Sulfolane: 1.5 Acetonitrile: 0.14 Acetone: 0.83 Formamide: 28.2 Dimethylformamide: 11 - 28 Reference: Burgess, J. Metal Ions in Solution (Ellis Horwood, New York, 1978 ...
For DNA purification, the pH is usually near 7, at which point all nucleic acids are found in the aqueous phase. Chloroform : Chloroform is stabilized with small quantities of amylene or ethanol , because exposure of pure chloroform to oxygen and ultraviolet light produces phosgene gas.
Pure results of a successful purification process are termed isolate. The following list of chemical purification methods should not be considered exhaustive. Affinity purification purifies proteins by retaining them on a column through their affinity to antibodies, enzymes, or receptors that have been immobilised on the column.
Salting out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) [1] is a purification technique that utilizes the reduced solubility of certain molecules in a solution of very high ionic strength.
While precipitation reactions can be used for making pigments, removing ions from solution in water treatment, and in classical qualitative inorganic analysis, precipitation is also commonly used to isolate the products of an organic reaction during workup and purification operations. Ideally, the product of the reaction is insoluble in the ...
In chemistry, fractional crystallization is a stage-wise separation technique that relies on the liquid–solid phase change. This technique fractionates via differences in crystallization temperature and enables the purification of multi-component mixtures, as long as none of the constituents can act as solvents to the others.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.