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Prior to Pakistan's Independence in August 1947, Pakistan was part of British India. As the system of probation was established in Europe, the British colonial rulers amended the Code of Criminal Procedure (India) 1898 (Act V) in 1923 by the insertion of sections 380 and 562 to 564, introducing the concept of probation to the Indian Subcontinent.
Community sentence [1] [2] or alternative sentencing or non-custodial sentence is a collective name in criminal justice for all the different ways in which courts can punish a defendant who has been convicted of committing an offense, other than through a custodial sentence (serving a jail or prison term) or capital punishment (death).
Community corrections officials are key personnel in helping decide whether a criminal is granted probation. They determine whether the offender is a serious risk to the public and recommend to the court what action to take. Correction officials first go through an investigation process during the pretrial period.
Community Based Corrections can focus on both of adults and juveniles, attempting to rehabilitate them back into the community. In contrary to the " tough on crime " mindset which expresses harsh punishment, this community based correctional method seeks to transition offenders back into the community.
In Australia, suspended sentences are commonly imposed in order to alleviate the strain on overcrowded prisons. For example, an individual may be sentenced to a six-month jail term, wholly suspended for six months; if they commit any other offence during that year, the original jail term is immediately applied in addition to any other sentence.
Community service or compensation orders are examples of this sort of penalty. [59] In models of restorative justice , victims take an active role in a process with their offenders who are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions, "to repair the harm they've done—by apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service."
However, some jurisdictions have modified or abolished the practice of parole and instead give post-release supervision obligations to a community corrections or offender rehabilitation specialist; often generically if imprecisely referred to as a probation or parole officer.
The Probation and Parole Unit provides advice to Courts and releasing authorities on the background and attitudes of offenders on Community Based Orders (e.g. bail supervision, probation, and parole) and to refer offenders to appropriate community based or residential services to assist with addressing a variety of issues (e.g. drug and alcohol abuse, grief and loss issues, self-esteem and ...