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A condition can be both necessary and sufficient. For example, at present, "today is the Fourth of July" is a necessary and sufficient condition for "today is Independence Day in the United States". Similarly, a necessary and sufficient condition for invertibility of a matrix M is that M has a nonzero determinant.
In mathematics, Hall's marriage theorem, proved by Philip Hall (), is a theorem with two equivalent formulations.In each case, the theorem gives a necessary and sufficient condition for an object to exist:
The essential difference between this and other well-known moment problems is that this is on a bounded interval, whereas in the Stieltjes moment problem one considers a half-line [0, ∞), and in the Hamburger moment problem one considers the whole line (−∞, ∞). The Stieltjes moment problems and the Hamburger moment problems, if they are ...
In mathematics, Sylvester’s criterion is a necessary and sufficient criterion to determine whether a Hermitian matrix is positive-definite. Sylvester's criterion states that a n × n Hermitian matrix M is positive-definite if and only if all the following matrices have a positive determinant: the upper left 1-by-1 corner of M,
The Arzelà–Ascoli theorem is a fundamental result of mathematical analysis giving necessary and sufficient conditions to decide whether every sequence of a given family of real-valued continuous functions defined on a closed and bounded interval has a uniformly convergent subsequence. The main condition is the equicontinuity of
The necessary conditions are sufficient for optimality if the objective function of a maximization problem is a differentiable concave function, the inequality constraints are differentiable convex functions, the equality constraints are affine functions, and Slater's condition holds. [11]
For a polynomial to be Hurwitz, it is necessary but not sufficient that all of its coefficients be positive (except for quadratic polynomials, which also imply sufficiency). A necessary and sufficient condition that a polynomial is Hurwitz is that it passes the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. A given polynomial can be efficiently tested to ...
A simple example of such a problem is to find the curve of shortest length connecting two points. If there are no constraints, the solution is a straight line between the points. However, if the curve is constrained to lie on a surface in space, then the solution is less obvious, and possibly many solutions may exist.