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Bundling is the setting of the total price of a purchase of several products or services from one seller at a lower level than the sum of the prices of the products or services purchased separately from several sellers. Typically, one of the bundled items (the "primary product") is available only from the seller engaging in the bundling, while ...
SmithKline Corp. v. Eli Lilly and Co., 575 F.2d 1056 (3d Cir. 1978), is a 1978 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit that first considered the price-discounting practice now termed bundling. [1]
The authors conclude that bundling practices are so diverse that it is difficult to generalize whether a given bundling practice is harmful, but the "type of multi-product bundling most likely to cause harm is that which was at issue in LePage's, where the defendant offered evidently custom-made bundles to different large customers in order to ...
Microsoft violated European Union antitrust rules with “possibly abusive” practices by tying its Teams messaging and videoconferencing app to its widely used business software, the bloc said.
Bundling in political economy is a type of product bundling in which the "product" is a candidate in an election who markets his or her bundle of attributes and political positions to the voters. For example, a political candidate may market herself as a centrist candidate by ensuring she/he has centrist social, economic, and law enforcement ...
Microsoft has violated European Union antitrust laws by bundling Teams with its other popular applications for businesses, EU officials said in preliminary findings Tuesday, marking the bloc’s ...
Tying (informally, product tying) is the practice of selling one product or service as a mandatory addition to the purchase of a different product or service.In legal terms, a tying sale makes the sale of one good (the tying good) to the de facto customer (or de jure customer) conditional on the purchase of a second distinctive good (the tied good).
Bundling the two products was allegedly a key factor in Microsoft's victory in the browser wars of the late 1990s, as every Windows user had a copy of IE. It was further alleged that this restricted the market for competing web browsers (such as Netscape Navigator or Opera ), since it typically took extra time to buy and install the competing ...