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A peer-to-peer (P2P) network in which interconnected nodes ("peers") share resources amongst each other without the use of a centralized administrative system. Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers.
Nodes and keys are assigned an -bit identifier using consistent hashing.The SHA-1 algorithm is the base hashing function for consistent hashing. Consistent hashing is integral to the robustness and performance of Chord because both keys and nodes (in fact, their IP addresses) are uniformly distributed in the same identifier space with a negligible possibility of collision.
Ideally, a peer does not need to achieve high availability because other, redundant peers make up for any resource downtime; as the availability and load capacity of peers change, the protocol reroutes requests. Both client-server and master-slave are regarded as sub-categories of distributed peer-to-peer systems. [23]
The model allows transparent communication through equivalent exchange of protocol data units (PDUs) between two parties, through what is known as peer-to-peer networking (also known as peer-to-peer communication). As a result, the OSI reference model has not only become an important piece among professionals and non-professionals alike, but ...
Overlay multicast is also known as End System or Peer-to-Peer Multicast. High bandwidth multi-source multicast among widely distributed nodes is a critical capability for a wide range of applications, including audio and video conferencing, multi-party games and content distribution.
Note that in the diagram the incorrect label ESSID (Extended Service Set Identifier) refers to the service set identifier. In IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networking standards (including Wi‑Fi ), a service set is a group of wireless network devices which share a service set identifier ( SSID )—typically the natural language label that ...
Peer-to-peer networks are made of nodes, by design. The protocols that these nodes use to communicate, and locate information, have become more efficient over time. The first generation peer-to-peer file sharing networks, such as Napster , relied on a central database to co-ordinate lookups on the network.
A popular example of such usage of the term in distributed applications, as well as permanent virtual circuits, is the organization of nodes in peer-to-peer (P2P) services and networks. P2P networks usually implement overlay networks running over an underlying physical or logical network. These overlay networks may implement certain ...