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As new genome analysis technologies are developed and richer databases become available, the annotation of some older genomes may be updated. This process, known as reannotation, can provide users with new information about the genome, including details about genes and protein functions.
Elaine Ann Ostrander is an American geneticist at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. [1] [2] She holds a number of professional academic appointments, currently serving as Distinguished and Senior Investigator and head of the NHGRI Section of Comparative Genomics; and Chief of the Cancer Genetics and ...
The epigenome is the supporting structure of the genome, including protein and RNA binders, alternative DNA structures, and chemical modifications on DNA. Epigenomics : Modern technologies include chromosome conformation by Hi-C , various ChIP-seq and other sequencing methods combined with proteomic fractionations, and sequencing methods that ...
The Gene Ontology (GO) is a major bioinformatics initiative to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species. [1] More specifically, the project aims to: 1) maintain and develop its controlled vocabulary of gene and gene product attributes; 2) annotate genes and gene products, and assimilate and disseminate annotation data; and 3) provide tools for easy access ...
The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be sequenced to such near-completion, and as of 2018, the diploid genomes of over a million individual humans had been determined using next-generation sequencing. [59] These data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science.
The first genome to be sequenced was that of the virus φX174 in 1977; [4] the first genome sequence of a prokaryote (Haemophilus influenzae) was published in 1995; [5] the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) genome was the first eukaryotic genome to be sequenced in 1996. [6]
Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. It is also closely associated with protein nomenclature, as genes and the proteins they code for usually have similar nomenclature.
This list of sequenced animal genomes contains animal species for which complete genome sequences have been assembled, annotated and published. Substantially complete draft genomes are included, but not partial genome sequences or organelle-only sequences.