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While a BQS is not always a legal requirement when taking bunker fuel, the service plays an important role in managing the continuity of relationships between fuel suppliers and consumers. Depending on where the fuel transfer operation takes place, different global ports have varying concerns when pertaining to the quantity of fuel delivered.
In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities. [1]
Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO contains several different compounds that include aromatics , sulfur , and nitrogen , making emissions upon combustion more polluting compared to other fuel oils. [ 1 ]
The Wobbe index is expressed in MJ/Nm³ (where 'Nm³' indicates'm³ in Normal conditions), or sometimes in BTU/scf.In the case of natural gas (molar mass 17 g/mol), the typical heating value is around 39 MJ/Nm³ (1,050 BTU/scf) and the specific gravity is approximately 0.59, giving a typical Wobbe index of 51 MJ/Nm³ (1,367 BTU/scf).
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (BUNKER) is an International treaty listed and administered by the International Maritime Organization, [1] signed in London on 23 March 2001 and in force generally on 21 November 2008. The purpose is to adopt uniform international rules and procedures for ...
[6] [7] Wiendahl used Harris and Andler's equation for the determination of the optimal quantity. [8] Härdler took into account the costs of storage and delivery in determining the optimal batch quantity (EBQ). [9] Muller and Piasecki asserted that inventory management is explained only with the basics of an optimal quantity calculation. [10] [11]
This temperature is consistent with a hydrodynamic calculation that simulated the entire experiment. [44] In comparison, two-color radiometry measurements from the late 1970s indicate lower temperatures for various shaped-charge liner material, cone construction and type of explosive filler.
Bunker adjustment factor, bunker surcharge or BAF refers to the floating part of sea freight charges which represents additions due to oil prices. [1] BAF charges used to be determined by Carrier Conferences to be applicable for a certain period on a certain trade route. The European Commission banned Carrier Conferences as of October 17, 2008 ...