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Ezhimala, the early historic headquarters of Mushika dynasty, which was succeeded by the kingdom of Kolathunadu later. Kerala's dominant rulers of the early historic period were the Cheras, a Tamil dynasty with its headquarters located in Vanchi. [57] The location of Vanchi is generally considered near the ancient port city of Muziris in Kerala.
The early Cheras collapsed after repeated attacks from the neighboring Cholas and Rashtrakutas. The Cheras regained control over Kerala in the 9th century CE until the kingdom was dissolved in the 12th century, after which smaller kingdoms, most notably the Kingdom of Calicut, arose.
Territory of the Chera chiefdom of the early historical period (pre-Pallava [8]) consisted of the present day northern-central Kerala and Kongu region western Tamil Nadu. [10] The rest of Kerala was under Ay dynasty (southern tip of Kerala) and Mushika dynasty (northern tip of Kerala).
The medieval Ay lineage claimed its origins from the hill-chiefs the same name (the Ays) from early historic (pre-Pallava) south India. [4] [3] Members of the Ay family – of the Podiyil Hills (the Aykudi) – were related to the early historic Cheras of central Kerala. [1] Sri Padmanabhaswamy was the tutelary deity of the medieval Ay family. [9]
Kerala (English: / ˈ k ɛr ə l ə / ⓘ / KERR-ə-lə; Malayalam: [keːɾɐɭɐm] ⓘ), is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. [16] It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore.
During the early part of Kulasekhara period, the southern region from Nagercoil to Thiruvananthapuram was ruled by Ay kings, who lost their power in the 10th century and thus the region became a part of the Cheras. [22] [23] Kerala witnessed a flourishing period of art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. [24]
Venad was a medieval kingdom between the Western Ghat mountains of India with its capital at city of Quilon. [2] [1] It was one of the major principalities of Kerala, along with kingdoms of Kolathunadu, Zamorin, and Kochi in medieval and early modern period.
[2] which existed in Kerala during the Kollam era. The Pandalam kingdom was established around 79 ME (903 AD) by the Pandalam royal family who are the descendents of the Pandya kings of Madurai. They came to Kerala fearing the assault of the Nayaks of Madurai.