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A diverticulum of Kommerell is an outpouching (aneurysm) of the aorta where an aberrant right subclavian artery is located. [16] It is unusual nomenclature, in that focal dilatations of a blood vessel are properly referred to as aneurysms.
Right-sided diverticula are micro-hernias of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through the colonic muscular layer where blood vessels penetrate it. [2] Left-sided diverticula are pseudodiverticula, since the herniation is not through all the layers of the colon. [2]
Chronic urinary retention that is due to bladder blockage which can either be as a result of muscle damage or neurological damage. [7] If the retention is due to neurological damage, there is a disconnect between the brain to muscle communication, which can make it impossible to completely empty the bladder. [ 7 ]
Sometimes, if the diverticula becomes distended enough, it may rupture and form a fistula, which is a connection with an adjacent organ or structure. Since it sits pretty close to the bladder, a fistula connecting the large intestine to the bladder may form, called a colovesicular fistula, and this might result in air or stool in the urine.
Diverticular disease occurs when diverticula become clinically inflamed, a condition known as diverticulitis. [3] Diverticula typically occur in the sigmoid colon, which is commonplace for increased pressure. The left side of the colon is more commonly affected in the United States while the right side is more commonly affected in Asia. [4]
Other complications from surgery can include urinary incontinence, stress incontinence, a urethrovaginal fistula, or recurrent diverticula. Horseshoe-shaped diverticula and diverticula that completely surround the urethra are both associated with worse outcomes, as are those located close to the bladder, and large (over 3–4 cm) diverticula. [3]
The human seminal vesicles are a pair of glands in males that are positioned below the urinary bladder and at the end of the vasa deferentia, where they enter the prostate. Each vesicle is a coiled and folded tube, with occasional outpouchings termed diverticula in its wall. [2]
Bladder stones (14 mm diameter) incidentally found in a bladder diverticulum during transvesical prostatectomy (removal of the prostate via an incision in the bladder) Bladder stones are small mineral deposits that can form in the bladder. In most cases bladder stones develop when the urine becomes very concentrated or when one is dehydrated.