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He studied publications by the mathematicians and cyberneticists Norbert Wiener and Andrei Nikolayevich Kolmogorov, and expanded his academic teaching in theoretical geodesy. This was later reflected in the book Physical Geodesy, co-authored with Heiskanen; this work was translated from English into Chinese, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, and Turkish ...
Geodesy, also called Bomford's Geodesy, [1] is a textbook on geodesy written by Guy Bomford. Four editions were published, [ 2 ] in 1952, 1962, 1971, and 1980 respectively. [ a ] Bomford retired in 1966, though continued publishing editions of the book.
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
Modern geodesy tends to retain the ellipsoid of revolution as a reference ellipsoid and treat triaxiality and pear shape as a part of the geoid figure: they are represented by the spherical harmonic coefficients , and , respectively, corresponding to degree and order numbers 2.2 for the triaxiality and 3.0 for the pear shape.
A geodesic grid is a global Earth spatial reference that uses polygon tiles based on the subdivision of a polyhedron (usually the icosahedron, and usually a Class I subdivision) to subdivide the surface of the Earth.
In Riemannian geometry, the geodesic curvature of a curve measures how far the curve is from being a geodesic. For example, for 1D curves on a 2D surface embedded in 3D space , it is the curvature of the curve projected onto the surface's tangent plane.