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The Riemann zeta function ζ(z) plotted with domain coloring. [1] The pole at = and two zeros on the critical line.. The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter ζ (), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as () = = = + + + for >, and its analytic continuation elsewhere.
The zeta function values listed below include function values at the negative even numbers (s = −2, −4, etc.), for which ζ(s) = 0 and which make up the so-called trivial zeros. The Riemann zeta function article includes a colour plot illustrating how the function varies over a continuous rectangular region of the complex plane.
Riemann's explicit formula for the number of primes less than a given number states that, in terms of a sum over the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, the magnitude of the oscillations of primes around their expected position is controlled by the real parts of the zeros of the zeta function.
In mathematics, the Z function is a function used for studying the Riemann zeta function along the critical line where the argument is one-half. It is also called the Riemann–Siegel Z function, the Riemann–Siegel zeta function, the Hardy function, the Hardy Z function and the Hardy zeta function .
Gourdon (2004), The 10 13 first zeros of the Riemann Zeta function, and zeros computation at very large height; Odlyzko, A. (1992), The 10 20-th zero of the Riemann zeta function and 175 million of its neighbors This unpublished book describes the implementation of the algorithm and discusses the results in detail.
The most famous example of a Dirichlet series is = =,whose analytic continuation to (apart from a simple pole at =) is the Riemann zeta function.. Provided that f is real-valued at all natural numbers n, the respective real and imaginary parts of the Dirichlet series F have known formulas where we write +:
In mathematics, the Riemann–von Mangoldt formula, named for Bernhard Riemann and Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt, describes the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The formula states that the number N(T) of zeros of the zeta function with imaginary part greater than 0 and less than or equal to T satisfies
The other terms also correspond to zeros: The dominant term li(x) comes from the pole at s = 1, considered as a zero of multiplicity −1, and the remaining small terms come from the trivial zeros. This formula says that the zeros of the Riemann zeta function control the oscillations of primes around their "expected" positions.