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The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a parasitic lamprey native to the Northern Hemisphere. It is sometimes referred to as the "vampire fish". It is sometimes referred to as the "vampire fish". In its original habitats, the sea lamprey coevolved with its hosts, and those hosts evolved a measure of resistance to the sea lampreys.
Sea lamprey is the most sought-after species in Portugal and one of only two that can legally bear the commercial name "lamprey" (lampreia): the other one being Lampetra fluviatilis, the European river lamprey, both according to Portaria (Government regulation no. 587/2006
The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU: Vulnerable: The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT: Near threatened: The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC: Least concern
Sea lamprey – fish that came through canals. Japanese stiltgrass – plant introduced in shipment packing material. Grass carp – fish introduced for aquaculture.
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Native species Chestnut lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus [94] Southern brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon gagei [95] Silver lamprey, ichthyomyzon unicuspis [96] Least brook lamprey, Lampetra aepyptera [97] American brook lamprey, Lenthenteron appendix [98] Non-native, exotic species Sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus
A major threat to the lake whitefish is an invasive parasite species, the sea lamprey. It is one of a number of species (in addition to the lake trout and lake herring) aggressively attacked by sea lamprey. In Lake Michigan the sea lamprey began to decimate indigenous fish populations in the 1930s and 1940s.
Each larva that grows into a juvenile sea lamprey will migrate into Lake Michigan and can kill 40 pounds of fish in its 12- to 18-month feeding period.