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The muscles of the hand are the skeletal muscles responsible for the movement of the hand and fingers. The muscles of the hand can be subdivided into two groups: the extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm ...
In anatomy, flexor is a muscle that contracts to perform flexion (from the Latin verb flectere, to bend), [1] a movement that decreases the angle between the bones converging at a joint. For example, one's elbow joint flexes when one brings their hand closer to the shoulder , thus decreasing the angle between the upper arm and the forearm .
Extensor carpi radialis longus; Extensor carpi radialis brevis; Extensor carpi ulnaris; Extensor digitorum; of phalanges, at all joints Posterior compartment of the forearm. Extensor digitorum; Extensor digiti minimi (little finger only) Extensor indicis (index finger only) of phalanges, at interphalangeal joints [4] Lumbricals of the hand
The thenar eminence refers to the group of muscles on the palm at the base of the thumb. The three muscles composing the thenar eminence are the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis. [5] The other two muscles that influences movement of the thumb are the adductor pollicis and the first dorsal interosseous muscle.
The body maintains the balance between the tone of flexor and extensor muscle groups. Sometimes, in normal, healthy people, that tone is lost either in flexors or extensor muscle groups in isolation, temporarily and intermittently resulting in muscle cramps. Treating these extensor or flexor group of muscles in isolation can be difficult.
This muscle extends the carpal and fetlock joints. Extensor carpi obliquus: originates from the radius and inserts into the top of the second metacarpal. Helps to extend the carpus. Flexor carpi radialis: originates from the humerus and inserts into the proximal side of the second metacarpal. Flexes the elbow, extends the carpus.
The elbow flexor group is the agonist, shortening during the lifting phase (elbow flexion). During the lowering phase the elbow flexor muscles lengthen, remaining the agonists because they are controlling the load and the movement (elbow extension). For both the lifting and lowering phase, the "elbow extensor" muscles are the antagonists (see ...
The deep layer of the precursor extensor mass is known to be phylogenetically unstable and is undergoing evolution as high variability is seen in non-human primates. [5] [8] [9] [10] In humans, anomalous or additional muscles can be seen in small portion of population. Anomalous muscles in human extensor compartment are listed as follow: