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The plum pudding model was the first scientific model of the atom to describe an internal structure. It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford 's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.
Though experimental evidence led to the abandonment of Thomson's plum pudding model as a complete atomic model, irregularities observed in numerical energy solutions of the Thomson problem have been found to correspond with electron shell-filling in naturally occurring atoms throughout the periodic table of elements. [14]
Rutherford's paper does not discuss any electron arrangement beyond discussions on the scattering from Thomson's plum pudding model and Nagaoka's Saturnian model. [8]: 303 He shows that the scattering results predicted by Thomson's model are also explained by single scattering, but that Thomson's model does not explain large angle scattering ...
Thomson's model is popularly known as the plum pudding model, based on the idea that the electrons are distributed throughout the sphere of positive charge with the same density as raisins in a plum pudding. Neither Thomson nor his colleagues ever used this analogy. It seems to have been a conceit of popular science writers. [54]
To explain the overall neutral charge of the atom, he proposed that the corpuscles were distributed in a uniform sea of positive charge. In this "plum pudding model", the electrons were seen as embedded in the positive charge like raisins in a plum pudding (although in Thomson's model they were not stationary, but orbiting rapidly). [32] [33]
James Arnold Crowther (1883–1950) was a British physicist who worked on beta particle scattering with JJ Thomson in connection with the first tests of modern atomic physics (see plum pudding model) as well as X-ray scattering including practical applications in medical radiology.
Christmas pudding, a popular holiday dessert in the UK, is probably unfamiliar to most Americans. The holiday season is a time for traditions, some of which are specific to individual cultures .
In 1904, Thomson suggested that the atom was a sphere of uniform positive electrification, with electrons scattered through it like plums in a pudding, giving rise to the term plum pudding model. Nagaoka rejected Thomson's model on the grounds that opposite charges are impenetrable.