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Pressure has dimensions of energy per unit volume, therefore the pressure drop between two points must be proportional to the dynamic pressure q. We also know that pressure must be proportional to the length of the pipe between the two points L as the pressure drop per unit length is a constant.
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Pressure drop (often abbreviated as "dP" or "ΔP") [1] is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network. A pressure drop occurs when frictional forces, caused by the resistance to flow, act on a fluid as it flows through a conduit (such as a channel, pipe , or tube ).
The friction loss is customarily given as pressure loss for a given duct length, Δp / L, in units of (US) inches of water for 100 feet or (SI) kg / m 2 / s 2. For specific choices of duct material, and assuming air at standard temperature and pressure (STP), standard charts can be used to calculate the expected friction loss.
The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical relationship that relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems [ 1 ] such as fire sprinkler systems , [ 2 ] water supply networks , and irrigation systems.
The fans used to move these gasses are also large, 250 to 4000 horsepower. Therefore, minimizing duct pressure drop by minimizing turbulence at elbows and transitions is of importance. Duct elbow radius is usually 1 1/2 to 2 times the duct size. The side slopes of transitions are typically 10 to 30 degrees.
One atkinson is defined as the resistance of an airway which, when air flows along it at a rate of 1,000 cubic feet per second, causes a pressure drop of one pound-force per square foot. The unit is named after J J Atkinson, who published one of the earliest comprehensive mathematical treatments of mine ventilation.
The branch lines may terminate in a dead end or may connect at each end to different (usually opposite) points on the looped main. In the latter case, less water supply pressure is required as the hydraulic pressure drop is lower in the branch pipe as water flows from both ends of the branch line to any sprinkler.