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The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse'), also hippocampus proper, is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates. In the human brain the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum are the components of the hippocampal formation located in the limbic system.
Easton and Parker also reported MRI scans of patients with severe anterograde amnesia showed damage beyond to cortical areas around the hippocampus and amygdala (a region of brain involved in emotions) and to surrounding white matter. White matter in the brain consists of axons, long projections of neuronal cell bodies.
Alcohol acts as a general central nervous system depressant, but it also affects some specific areas of the brain to a greater extent than others. Memory impairment caused by alcohol has been linked to the disruption of hippocampal function—particularly affecting gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission which negatively impacts long-term potentiation ...
Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 – December 2, 2008), known widely as H.M., was an American who had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect the anterior two thirds of his hippocampi, parahippocampal cortices, entorhinal cortices, piriform cortices, and amygdalae in an attempt to cure his epilepsy.
Researchers from the University of Miami have found that people with sleep apnea may have an enlarged hippocampus, which is the area of the brain responsible for memory and learning.
This supports the idea that damage to any part of the extended hippocampal memory system causes similar memory deficits. [4] Other aspects of cognition, such as social cognition and language ability, remain intact after fornix damage. Lesion findings have been extended by work using the non-invasive in vivo technique diffusion-weighted imaging.
Since the brain regions are so specialized in their functioning, damages done to specific areas of the brain can cause specific type of damage. Damage to the left side of the brain can lead to language discrepancies, i.e. difficulty in properly identifying letters, numbers and words, inability to incorporate visual stimuli to comprehend ...
The hippocampus is the brain region located in the medial temporal lobe, responsible for forming new episodic and semantic memories. As a result of his neurological damage, Cochrane suffered severe cognitive deficits that hindered his ability to form new episodic memories. However, both his semantic memory and noetic consciousness remained ...