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A typical battery-operated TENS unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency, and intensity. Generally, TENS is applied at high frequency (>50 Hz) with an intensity below motor contraction (sensory intensity) or low frequency (<10 Hz) with an intensity that produces motor contraction. More recently, many TENS units use a mixed frequency mode ...
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENS, involves the transmission of electrical energy from an external stimulator to the peripheral nervous system via cutaneously placed conductive gel pads. TENS can be subclassified into two variants: low-intensity (1–2 mA), high-frequency (50–100 Hz) TENS; and
In these methods, a high frequency (tens to hundreds of kHz) low amplitude current is injected across the chest cavity. The voltage resulting from this current injection is measured and the resistance is derived from the application of Ohm's law (R = V/I).
Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g. microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electric stimulation such as tDCS or tACS).
External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is similar to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a treatment for chronic pain. [5] A small device supplies electricity to electrodes that are placed on the skin. The device is able to modulate the intensity and frequency of electrical impulses delivered to the nerve endings in the skin.
An electrosurgical unit (ESU) uses high currents (e.g. 10 amperes) at high frequency (e.g. 500 kHz) with various schemes of amplitude modulation to cut or coagulate; As a treatment for fibrillation or irregular heart rhythms: see Defibrillation and Cardioversion; As a method of pain relief: see Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Electrosurgery is the application of a high-frequency (radio frequency) ... [11] [12] Using bursts of several tens of microseconds in duration the tissue can be cut, ...
Low frequency rTMS with a stimulus frequency less than 1 Hz is believed to inhibit cortical firing while a stimulus frequency greater than 1 Hz, or high frequency, is believed to provoke it. [24] Though its mechanism is not clear, it has been suggested as being due to a change in synaptic efficacy related to long-term potentiation (LTP) and ...