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Since 1970, there has been an increase in stratification in the upper ocean due to global warming and, in some areas, salinity changes. [14] The salinity changes are caused by evaporation in tropical waters, which results in higher salinity and density levels. Meanwhile, melting ice can cause a decrease in salinity at higher latitudes. [14]
This is because ocean warming increases near-surface stratification, subsurface layer is still in equilibrium with the colder climate. This causes the surface amplification to be stronger than older models predicted. [33] An instrument carried by the SAC-D satellite Aquarius, launched in June 2011, measured global sea surface salinity. [34] [35]
Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean. Data from the World Ocean Atlas 2009. [1] International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard seawater. Salinity (/ s ə ˈ l ɪ n ɪ t i /) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity).
A Jacksonville professor is part of an international group of researchers warning of another threat from climate change: salinity levels in the ocean.
Temperature and salinity changes due to global warming and climate change alter the ocean density and lead to changes in vertical stratification. [2] The stratified configuration of the ocean can act as a barrier to water mixing, which impacts the efficiency of vertical exchanges of heat, carbon, oxygen, and other constituents.
In this case it is synonymous with deep ocean temperature). It is clear that the oceans are warming as a result of climate change and this rate of warming is increasing. [6]: 9 [7] The upper ocean (above 700 m) is warming fastest, but the warming trend extends throughout the ocean. In 2022, the global ocean was the hottest ever recorded by humans.
Avoiding this future warming will require a large and rapid reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions. The ongoing warming will increase risks and stresses to human societies, economies, ecosystems, and wildlife through the 21st century and beyond, making it imperative that society respond to a changing climate.
Most heat energy from global warming goes into the ocean, and not into the atmosphere or warming up the land. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Scientists realized over 30 years ago the ocean was a key fingerprint of human impact on climate change and "the best opportunity for major improvement in our understanding of climate sensitivity is probably monitoring of ...