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Kidney disease results from kidney damage and subsequent decline in kidney function, says Dr. Pooja Budhiraja, a nephrologist and hypertension specialist at Mayo Clinic.
Excessive activation of the polyol pathway increases intracellular and extracellular sorbitol concentrations, increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species, and decreased concentrations of nitric oxide and glutathione. Each of these imbalances can damage cells; in diabetes there are several acting together.
Mutations in the GSS gene prevent cells from making adequate levels of glutathione, leading to the signs and symptoms of glutathione synthetase deficiency. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome , and two copies of the gene - one from each parent - are required to ...
Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals. [2] It is a tripeptide with a gamma peptide linkage between the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain and cysteine .
Increasing levels of glutathione in the body may help slow down the rate of progressive neural tissue damage in these conditions, a 2014 study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found. But Dr ...
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) (EC 6.3.2.3) is the second enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses the condensation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine, to form glutathione. [2] Glutathione synthetase is also a potent antioxidant. It is found in many species including bacteria, yeast, mammals, and plants. [3]