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Saltwater is 0.444 psi/ft (2.5% higher than fresh water but this not general and depends on salt concentration in water) Pore pressure in the rock could be as high as 1.0 psi/ft of depth (19.25 lb/gal) A well with 5,000 feet of seawater and 15,000 feet of rock could have an overburden pressures at the bottom as high as 17,220 psi (5000 * 0.444 ...
HSP = 0.052 × MW × TVD', where MW (Mud Weight or density) is the drilling-fluid density in pounds per gallon (ppg), TVD is the true vertical depth in feet and HSP is the hydrostatic pressure in psi. The 0.052 is needed as the conversion factor to psi unit of HSP. [10] [11] To convert these units to SI units, one can use: 1 ppg ≈ 119.826 ...
In petroleum geology and the petrochemical sciences pertaining to oil wells, and more specifically within hydrostatics, pressure gradients refer to the gradient of vertical pressure in a column of fluid within a wellbore and are generally expressed in pounds per square inch per foot (psi/ft). This column of fluid is subject to the compound ...
Weight densities are commonly either given as specific gravity or in pounds per gallon. Simple conversion factors (0.433 for specific gravity and 0.052 for ppg) convert these values to a pressure gradient in psi per foot. Multiplying by the depth in feet gives the pressure at the bottom of the column.
pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot lb/ft 3: ≡ lb/ft 3: ≈ 16.018 463 37 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch lb/in 3: ≡ lb/in 3: ≈ 2.767 990 471 × 10 4 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 99.776 372 66 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 119.826 4273 kg/m 3 ...
For example, a mass flow rate of 1,000 kg/h of air at 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure is 455 SCFM when defined at 32 °F (0 °C) but 481 SCFM when defined at 60 °F (16 °C). Due to the variability of the definition and the consequences of ambiguity, it is best engineering practice to state what standard conditions are used when communicating ...
The kilopound per square inch (ksi) is a scaled unit derived from psi, equivalent to a thousand psi (1000 lbf/in 2). ksi are not widely used for gas pressures. They are mostly used in materials science, where the tensile strength of a material is measured as a large number of psi. [4] The conversion in SI units is 1 ksi = 6.895 MPa, or 1 MPa ...
This volume of natural gas has the same energy content as one US gallon of gasoline (based on lower heating values: 900 BTU/cu ft (9.3 kWh/m 3) of natural gas and 114,000 BTU/US gal (8.8 kWh/L) for gasoline). [22] One GGE of CNG pressurized at 2,400 psi (17 MPa) is 0.77 cubic feet (22 litres; 5.8 US gallons).