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Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material. They determined that a protective protein coat was formed around the bacteriophage, but that the internal DNA is what conferred its ability to produce progeny inside a bacterium. They showed that, in growth, protein has no function, while DNA has some function.
Experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase demonstrated how the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins remain outside. [1] [2] The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries supported that DNA, rather than ...
In 1971, he edited The Bacteriophage λ, an extensive volume on the subject, published by CSHL Press that same year. [1] In 1981, Hershey became a founding member of the World Cultural Council. [9] Hershey died from congestive heart failure on May 22, 1997 at his home in Laurel Hollow, New York. [10] He was 88 years old.
In 1952, Hershey and Chase [19] provided key evidence that the phage DNA, as distinct from protein, enters the host bacterial cell upon infection and is thus the genetic material of the phage. This finding suggested that DNA is, in general, the genetic material of different organisms. [citation needed]
However, some DNA phages such as T4 may have large genomes with hundreds of genes; the size and shape of the capsid varies along with the size of the genome. [72] The largest bacteriophage genomes reach a size of 735 kb. [73] Schematic view of the 44 kb T7 phage genome. Each box is a gene. Numbers indicate genes (or rather open reading frames).
This experiment provided key evidence that DNA, as distinct from protein, is the genetic material of the phage and therefore the likely genetic material generally. In 1946, Luria made a finding that was destined to open up a new insight on how the stability of DNA is achieved (see Luria, [ 5 ] pg. 96).
Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, [1] was an American geneticist who in 1952, with Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.
The Hershey–Chase experiments were conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase in 1952 using the T2 bacteriophage (pictured), which is composed of DNA wrapped in a protein shell. Hershey and Chase labelled either the phage DNA using radioactive phosphorus-32 or the protein using radioactive sulphur-35.