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The gauge (in American English or more commonly referred to as bore in British English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) and other necessary parameter to define in general a smoothbore barrel (in difference of caliber what define a barrel with rifling and there cartridge).
Cartridge adapters have also been made to use .38 caliber handgun cartridges with bullet diameters of approximately .357-inch (9.1 mm) in .35 caliber rifles designed for bullets of .358-inch (9.1 mm) diameter. [3] Supplemental chambers in .22 caliber, and potentially .17 caliber as well, pose a special problem not shared by larger calibers.
A numerically larger gauge indicates a smaller barrel: a 20-gauge (15.6 mm) shotgun requires more spheres to equal a pound; therefore, its barrel is smaller than the 12-gauge. This metric is used in Russia as "caliber number": e.g., "shotgun of the 12 caliber." The 16th caliber is known as "lordly" (Russian: барский).
A guide to the recoil from the cartridge, and an indicator of bullet penetration potential. The .30-06 Springfield (at 2.064 lbf-s) is considered the upper limit for tolerable recoil for inexperienced rifle shooters. [2] Chg: Propellant charge, in grains; Dia: Bullet diameter, in inches; BC: Ballistic coefficient, G1 model; L: Case length (mm)
8 mm (.315+ caliber) 9 mm (.354+ caliber) 10 mm (.394+ caliber) 11 mm (.433+ caliber) 12 mm (.472+ caliber) 13 mm (.511+ caliber) See also. Table of handgun and rifle ...
32 gauge — .526 in (13.4 mm) 28 gauge — .550 in (14.0 mm) 24 gauge — .579 in (14.7 mm) 20 gauge — .615 in (15.6 mm) 16 gauge — .663 in (16.8 mm) 14 gauge — .693 in (17.6 mm) 12 gauge — .729 in (18.5 mm) 10 bore — .775 in (19.7 mm) 8 bore — .835 in (21.2 mm) 6 bore — .919 in (23.3 mm) 4 bore — 1.052 in (26.7 mm) 2 bore ...
The 7.62 mm designation refers to the internal diameter of the barrel at the lands (the raised helical ridges in rifled gun barrels). The actual bullet caliber is often 7.82 mm (0.308 in), although Soviet weapons commonly use a 7.91 mm (0.311 in) bullet, as do older British (.303 British) and Japanese (7.7×58mm Arisaka) cartridges.
This is a list of firearm cartridges which have bullets in the 11 millimetres (0.43 in) to 11.99 millimetres (0.472 in) caliber range. Length refers to the cartridge case length; OAL refers to the overall length of the cartridge; Bullet refers to the diameter of the bullet; All measurements are in millimetres (with inches in parentheses).