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The United States was a major supplier of war materials to the Allies but remained neutral in 1914, in large part due to domestic opposition. [7] The most significant factor in creating the support Wilson needed was the German submarine offensive, which not only cost American lives, but paralysed trade as ships were reluctant to put to sea. [8]
On the eve of the Great War, [1] Russia was the most populous state in Europe: with 175 million inhabitants, it had almost 3 times the population of Germany, an army of 1.3 million men, and almost 5 million reservists. Its industrial growth, on the order of 5% per year between 1860 and 1913, and the vastness of its territory and natural ...
A Russian recruiting poster. Caption reads: "World on Fire; Second Patriotic War." Between 1873 and 1887, Russia was allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary in the League of the Three Emperors, and later with Germany in the 1887–1890 Reinsurance Treaty.
The repayments were, in part, funded by German reparations that, in turn, were supported by American loans to Germany. This circular system collapsed in 1931 and some loans were never repaid. Britain still owed the United States $4.4 billion [h] of World War I debt in 1934; the last installment was finally paid in 2015. [287]
1917–1918: World War I: On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war against Germany and on December 7, 1917, against Austria-Hungary. Entrance of the United States into the war was precipitated by Germany's submarine warfare against neutral shipping and the Zimmermann Telegram.
France, Britain, Japan, the United States led an armed intervention into Russia during the last year of the World War and the Russian Civil War. The goals were to block German advances, then help the Czechoslovak Legion in securing supplies of munitions and armaments in Russian ports.
Rhodes, Benjamin D. United States Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918–1941: The Golden Age of American Diplomatic and Military Complacency (Greenwood, 2001). Wright, Esmond. "The Foreign Policy of Woodrow Wilson: A Re-Assessment. Part 1: Woodrow Wilson and the First World War" History Today. (Mar 1960) 10#3 pp 149–157 Wright, Esmond.
The Macmillan Dictionary of the First World War (1995) Strachan, Hew. The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2004) Trask, David F. The United States in the Supreme War Council: American War Aims and Inter-Allied Strategy, 1917–1918 (1961) Tucker Spencer C (1999). The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland.