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In aviation, distance measuring equipment (DME) is a radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals in the frequency band between 960 and 1215 megahertz (MHz). Line-of-visibility between the aircraft and ground station is required.
Developed from earlier Visual Aural Radio Range (VAR) systems. The VOR development was part of a U.S. civil/military program for Aeronautical Navigation Aids. [2] In 1949 VOR for the azimuth/bearing of an aircraft to/from a VOR installation and UHF DME (1950) [3] and the first ICAO Distance Measuring Equipment standard, [4] were put in operation by the U.S. CAA (Civil Aeronautics Administration).
However, typical daytime VFR minimums for most airspace is 3 statute miles of flight visibility and a distance from clouds of 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontally. [4] Flight conditions reported as equal to or greater than these VFR minimums are referred to as visual meteorological conditions (VMC).
In radio navigation, a VOR/DME is a radio beacon that combines a VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) with a distance-measuring equipment (DME). [1] The VOR allows the receiver to measure its bearing to or from the beacon, while the DME provides the slant distance between the receiver and the station.
The outer marker, which normally identifies the final approach fix (FAF), is situated on the same course/track as the localizer and the runway center-line, four to seven nautical miles [3] before the runway threshold.
The VOR minimum operational network and NextGen distance measuring equipment (DME) will provide navigation resiliency. [61] The NAS needs at least 126 new DME stations for maximum benefits, and the FAA will replace 50 stations with limited performance to support en route flights across the nation and terminal traffic at 62 busy locations.
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