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ASTM A992 steel is a structural steel alloy often used in the US for steel wide-flange and I beams. Like other carbon steels, the density of ASTM A992 steel is approximately 7850 kg/m 3 (0.2836 lb/in 3). ASTM A992 steel has the following minimum mechanical properties, according to ASTM specification A992/A992M.
ASTM A500 is a standard specification published by the ASTM for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in round, square, and rectangular shapes. It is commonly specified in the US for hollow structural sections, but the more stringent CSA G40.21 is preferred in Canada.
4340 steel is an ultra-high strength steel classified a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel. 4340 steel has high strength, ductility, toughness, creep resistance, and fatigue resistance relative to most other steels.
Toughness is the strength with which the material opposes rupture. One definition of material toughness is the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before rupturing . This measure of toughness is different from that used for fracture toughness , which describes the capacity of materials to resist fracture. [ 2 ]
It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa ⋅ m 3 / kg , or N ⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2 , though the latter form is rarely used.
As with most steels, A36 has a density of 0.28 pounds mass per cubic inch (7.8 grams per cubic centimeter). Young's modulus for A36 steel is 29,000 kilopounds per square inch (200 gigapascals). [6] A36 steel has a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 and a shear modulus of 11,500 ksi (79.3 GPa). [7]
Young's modulus per density; specific stiffness (10 6 m 2 s −2) Young's modulus per density squared (10 3 m 5 kg −1 s −2) Young's modulus per density cubed (m 8 kg −2 s −2) Reference Latex foam, low density, 10% compression [4] 5.9 × 10 ^ −7: 0.06: 9.83 × 10 ^ −6: 0.000164: 0.00273: Reversible Assembled Cellular Composite ...
ASTM A572 steel is a common high strength, low alloy (HSLA) structural steel used in the United States. [1] A572 steel properties are specified by ASTM International standards. [ 2 ]