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It evolved from the limited achievements of the first structured programme for rural sanitation in India, the Central Rural Sanitation Programme, which had minimal community participation. The main goal of Total Sanitation Campaign is to eradicate the practice of open defecation by 2017. Community-led total sanitation is not focused on building ...
Water supply and sanitation in Uttar Pradesh, India has seen recent advancements in ensuring comprehensive access and quality. The northern state has a historical record of falling below the national average on critical metrics, leading to sanitation and water access becoming a political focal point, particularly in regions like Bundelkhand .
A formal sanitation programme was first launched in 1954, followed by Central Rural Sanitation Programme in 1986, Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in 1999 and Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in 2012. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Phase 1 of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) lasted until 2 October 2019, and Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020–21 and 2024–25 to help ...
Sanitation as defined by the World Health Organization: [2] "Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households ...
Onsite sanitation (or on-site sanitation) is defined as "a sanitation system in which excreta and wastewater are collected and stored or treated on the plot where they are generated". [ 22 ] : 173 Another term that is used for the same system is non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS), which are prevalent in many countries. [ 39 ]
A facilitator and the community during a triggering in Malda District, West Bengal, India School-led total sanitation "triggering" event: These school children in West Bengal, India are looking at a glass of water and fresh feces. Flies will pass from the water to the feces and back, which demonstrates how water can get polluted with pathogens.
The water supply of 90% of India's territory is served by inter-state rivers. It has created a growing number of conflicts across the states and to the whole country on water-sharing issues. [27] A number of innovative approaches to improve water supply and sanitation have been tested in India, in particular in the early 2000s.
Improved sanitation facilities are likely to ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. They include flush/pour flush (to piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine), ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet.