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Bern (Swiss Standard German: ⓘ), or Berne (French: ⓘ), [note 1] is the de facto [note 2] capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city". [note 3] [3] With a population of about 146,000 (as of 2024), Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland, behind Zürich, Geneva, Basel and Lausanne. [4]
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state [1] with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848. Each canton has its own constitution, legislature, government and courts. [2]
The canton of Bern, or Berne (German: Kanton Bern; French: canton de Berne; Romansh: Chantun Berna; Italian: Canton Berna), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. Its capital city, Bern, is also the de facto capital of Switzerland. The bear is the heraldic symbol of the canton, displayed on a red-yellow background.
The modern Swiss federal state came into being when the federal constitution became effective on September 12, 1848, but the location of the nation's capital remained unresolved. On 28 November, the Federal Assembly voted in favor of Bern as the federal city and the seat of the federal authorities (however, to this day, Switzerland has no de ...
Roman numerals: for example the word "six" in the clue might be used to indicate the letters VI; The name of a chemical element may be used to signify its symbol; e.g., W for tungsten; The days of the week; e.g., TH for Thursday; Country codes; e.g., "Switzerland" can indicate the letters CH; ICAO spelling alphabet: where Mike signifies M and ...
The Federal Charter of 1291 or Bundesbrief, the charter that eventually led to the foundation of Switzerland, can be seen at the Bundesbriefmuseum. The official language of Schwyz is (the Swiss variety of) German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
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Switzerland, [d] officially the Swiss Confederation, [e] is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. [f] [13] It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.