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Indole-3-carbaldehyde (I3A), also known as indole-3-aldehyde and 3-formylindole, is a metabolite of dietary L-tryptophan which is synthesized by human gastrointestinal bacteria, particularly species of the Lactobacillus genus.
In addition to the light- or H 2 O 2-induced formation of FICZ, a number of other enzymatic pathways have been identified to convert Trp to FICZ via the precursor I3A. [2] [3] Oxidative deamination of Trp by aromatic amino acid aminotransferases (ArAT) or L-amino oxidases (LAAO), one of which is the IL4-inducible enzyme IL4I1, converts Trp to indole-3-pyruvate, which after decarboxylation ...
Indole is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 CCNH 3. Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.
Indole alkaloids are distinguished depending on their biosynthesis. The two types of indole alkaloids are isoprenoids and non-isoprenoids. The latter include terpenoid structural elements, synthesized by living organisms from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and/or isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP): [8] Non-isoprenoid: Simple derivatives of indole
Some indolocarbazoles possess antimicrobial activity and act on bacteria in both a direct [11] and host-directed manner. [12] [13] The indolocarbazole GW296115X (also known as 3744W) has shown activity against intracellular pathogens, including human cytomegalovirus, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium abcessus. [12] [13] [7]
It is also available in dietary supplements. [3] Indole-3-carbinol is the subject of on-going biomedical research into its possible anticarcinogenic, [4] antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic effects. [5] Research on indole-3-carbinol has been conducted primarily using laboratory animals and cultured cells. [6]
The enzyme indolepyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.74) catalyzes the chemical reaction. 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate 2-(indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + CO 2. This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds.
In enzymology, a phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (PRAI) (EC 5.3.1.24) is an enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. [1]This enzyme participates in the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, also known as the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway