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Paresthesia may be transient or chronic, and may have many possible underlying causes. [1] Paresthesias are usually painless and can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly occur in the arms and legs. [1] The most familiar kind of paresthesia is the sensation known as "pins and needles" after having a limb "fall asleep".
Pallesthesia (\ˌpal-es-ˈthē-zh(ē-)ə\), or vibratory sensation, is the ability to perceive vibration. [1] [2] This sensation, often conducted through skin and bone, is usually generated by mechanoreceptors such as Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel disk receptors, and tactile corpuscles. [1]
Formication is the sensation resembling that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin, in the absence of actual insects.It is one specific form of a set of sensations known as paresthesias, which also include the more common prickling, tingling sensation known as pins and needles.
[3] [8] [5] [2] [6] [4] (The term "meralgia paraesthetica" combines four Greek roots to mean "thigh pain with abnormal sensations".) Examples of paresthesias (abnormal sensations but not unpleasant) and dysthesias (abnormal sensations that are unpleasant) are burning, tingling, numbness, stinging, hypersensitivity, and itching.
Peripheral neuropathy may be classified according to the number and distribution of nerves affected (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, or polyneuropathy), the type of nerve fiber predominantly affected (motor, sensory, autonomic), or the process affecting the nerves; e.g., inflammation (), compression (compression neuropathy), chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy).
The absence of proprioception or two-point tactile discrimination on one side of the body suggests injury to the contralateral side of the primary somatosensory cortex. . However, depending on the extent of the injury, damage can range in loss of proprioception of an individual limb or the entire
The nature of symptoms depends on the specific nerves involved, neuritis in a sensory nerve may cause pain, paresthesia (pins-and-needles), hypoesthesia (numbness), and anesthesia, and neuritis in a motor nerve may cause paresis (weakness), fasiculation, paralysis, or muscle wasting.
The predominant symptom is peripheral sensory neuropathy [26] [4] [6] [27] that is experienced as numbness, pins-and-needles and burning sensations (paresthesia) in a patient's limbs on both sides of their body.