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Sodium chloride / ˌ s oʊ d i ə m ˈ k l ɔːr aɪ d /, [8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic , and occurs as the mineral halite .
Salt is mostly sodium chloride (NaCl). Sea salt and mined salt may contain trace elements. Mined salt is often refined. Salt crystals are translucent and cubic in shape; they normally appear white but impurities may give them a blue or purple tinge. When dissolved in water sodium chloride separates into Na + and Cl − ions, and the solubility ...
Humans have processed common salt (sodium chloride) for over 8000 years, using it first as a food seasoning and preservative, and now also in manufacturing, agriculture, water conditioning, for de-icing roads, and many other uses. [83] Many salts are so widely used in society that they go by common names unrelated to their chemical identity.
The most important sodium compounds are table salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na 2 CO 3), baking soda (NaHCO 3), caustic soda (NaOH), sodium nitrate (NaNO 3), di- and tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O), and borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O). [7] In compounds, sodium is usually ionically bonded to water and anions and is ...
Sodium chloride, also known as 'edible salt' or 'table salt' [87] (chemical formula NaCl), is the principal source of sodium (Na) in the diet and is used as seasoning and preservative in such commodities as pickled preserves and jerky. For Americans, most sodium chloride comes from processed foods. [88]
Electrolytic cell producing chlorine (Cl 2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from a solution of common salt. For example, in a solution of ordinary table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in water, the cathode reaction will be 2 H 2 O + 2e − → 2 OH − + H 2. and hydrogen gas will bubble up; the anode reaction is 2 NaCl → 2 Na + + Cl 2 + 2e −
An example of an ionic solute is table salt; the sodium chloride, NaCl, separates into Na + cations and Cl − anions, each being surrounded by water molecules. The ions are then easily transported away from their crystalline lattice into solution. An example of a nonionic solute is table sugar.
Note: ρ is density, n is refractive index at 589 nm, [clarification needed] and η is viscosity, all at 20 °C; T eq is the equilibrium temperature between two phases: ice/liquid solution for T eq < 0–0.1 °C and NaCl/liquid solution for T eq above 0.1 °C.