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Lower Silesia remained German until after the Second World War, when it became part of Poland. Breslau, the principal Silesian city, became Wrocław. [20] Today, according to the Polish-German good-neighbor treaty, the two countries are obliged to assume joint responsibility for goods representing cultural heritage. [21] [clarification needed]
After the Civil War, reports indicate Black Texas German communities in every county of the German belt, also known as the Texas German Country, running from Houston to the Hills Region. [11] [12] For Black Texans, speaking Texas German was a means of social mimicry and protection. [10] Doris Williams, an African American in Bastrop County ...
Signing of the Act of 5th November between Germany and Austria 1917: July 9: Oath crisis by the departing Polish Legions led by Józef Piłsudski: 1918: March 3: Signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Soviet Russia November 11: Poland regains independence with the formation of the Second Polish Republic following the Armistice of 11 ...
The Austrians wanted to incorporate Congress Poland into their territory of Galicia, so even before the war they allowed nationalist organisations to form there (for example, Związek Strzelecki). The Russians recognized the Polish right to autonomy and allowed formation of the Polish National Committee , which supported the Russian side.
Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic in 1918 after World War I, but lost it in World War II through occupation by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, emerging several years later as the socialist People's Republic of Poland within the Eastern Bloc , under strong ...
German Peasants' War: An uprising of German-speaking peasants began. 1525: German Peasants' War: The war ended in the defeat of the peasant army. 10 April: Prussian Homage: Grand Master Albert of the Teutonic Order resigned his position and was appointed duke of Prussia by the Polish king Sigismund I the Old. 1529: 19 April
After World War II the city became again part of Poland and the city's German inhabitants, that had constituted the majority of the city's mixed population before the war, either fled or were expelled to Germany in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. During post-1945 era, the city was rebuilt from war damage, and vast shipyards were constructed.
Between October 1948 and December 1950 all 35,000 German prisoners of war detained in Poland were shipped to Germany. [118] On 10 March 1951, the Polish "Bureau for Repatriation" (PUR) was disbanded; all further resettlement from Poland to Germany was carried out in a non-forcible and peaceful manner by the Polish state travel agency Orbis. [118]