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Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth) of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It infects the livers of various mammals , including humans, and is transmitted by sheep and cattle to humans all over the world.
Fasciola hepatica Egg of Dicrocoelium sp.. Liver fluke is a collective name of a polyphyletic group of parasitic trematodes under the phylum Platyhelminthes. [1] They are principally parasites of the liver of various mammals, including humans.
Fasciola, commonly known as the liver fluke, is a genus of parasitic trematodes. There are three species within the genus Fasciola : Fasciola nyanzae, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica . Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are known to form hybrids .
Fasciolosis is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, [3] and is classified as a neglected tropical disease (NTD). [4] [5] It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. [4]
Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica: liver, gall bladder stool Fasciola hepatica in Europe, Africa, Australia, the Americas and Oceania; Fasciola gigantica only in Africa and Asia, 2.4 million people infected by both species freshwater snails Fasciolopsiasis – intestinal fluke [10] Fasciolopsis buski: intestines stool or vomitus (microscope)
Life-history stages of the trematode flatworm Fasciola hepatica from 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. Trematodes are parasitic flatworms of the class Trematoda, specifically parasitic flukes with two suckers: one ventral and the other oral.
Fasciola hepatica, a species of liver flukes, has a higher incidence rate in children and females, with more cases of lung fluke and intestinal trematodiases in children. [5] Cases of liver and lung fluke trematodiasis are frequent due to the length of time the trematode can live in host organisms, and increased chances of reinfection. [9]
They include Clonorchis sinensis, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Dicrocoelium hospes, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis felineus, and Opisthorchis viverrini. Clonorchis and Opisthorchis are carcinogenic parasites that are strongly associated with the development of cancer of the bile ducts. [8] [9]