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He found it quite remarkable that when paraldehyde was heated with a trace of the same acid, the reaction went the other way, recreating acetaldehyde. [ 38 ] Although vinyl alcohol is a polymeric form of acetaldehyde ( § Tautomerization to vinyl alcohol ), polyvinyl alcohol cannot be produced from acetaldehyde.
The enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family ALDH2, EC 1.2.1.3) then converts the acetaldehyde into the non-toxic acetate ion (commonly found in acetic acid or vinegar). [4] [6] This ion is in turn is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. [4]
The enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate, however, remains unaffected, which leads to differential rates of substrate catalysis and causes a buildup of toxic acetaldehyde, causing cell damage. [7] This provides some protection against excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence (alcoholism).
Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
The ALDH2 gene then helps to oxidize acetaldehyde into acetic acid. "This is an important step in the metabolism of ethanol, because acetaldehyde is toxic and inflammatory to cells," Lee said.
Acetaldehyde may also influence glutathione peroxidase, a key antioxidant enzyme, and increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress. [12] Likewise, acetic acid (or the acetate ion) can cause additional problems. One study found that injecting sodium acetate into rats caused them to have nociceptive behavior (headaches). In addition, there is ...
Alcohol metabolism. ALDH1 is an isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase.A structural mutation in the gene of ALDH1, commonly found in East Asians, results in low levels of functional ALDH1 enzyme and thus, higher blood acetaldehyde levels.
A growing body of evidence has shown links between cancer and drinking alcohol. In a warning Friday, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy said cancer risk increases with the number of drinks, but ...