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  2. CRISPR gene editing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing

    CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced / ˈ k r ɪ s p ə r / (crisper), refers to a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on a simplified version of the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 ...

  3. Cas9 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9

    Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications.

  4. CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR

    Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and open up specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within living organisms.

  5. Trans-activating crRNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-activating_crRNA

    In molecular biology, trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) is a small trans-encoded RNA. It was first discovered by Emmanuelle Charpentier in her study of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes , a type of bacteria that causes harm to humanity. [ 1 ]

  6. CRISPR activation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_activation

    Cas9 Endonuclease Dead, also known as dead Cas9 or dCas9, is a mutant form of Cas9 whose endonuclease activity is removed through point mutations in its endonuclease domains. Similar to its unmutated form, dCas9 is used in CRISPR systems along with gRNAs to target specific genes or nucleotides complementary to the gRNA with PAM sequences that ...

  7. Guide RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_RNA

    A significant breakthrough occurred in 2012 when it was discovered that gRNA could guide the Cas9 endonuclease to introduce target-specific cuts in double-stranded DNA. This discovery led to the 2020 Nobel Prize awarded to Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier for their contributions to the development of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology.

  8. CRISPR RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_RNA

    CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. [1] CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements , like viruses , plasmids , and transposons . [ 2 ]

  9. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome-wide_CRISPR-Cas9...

    Targeted gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 requires the use of a delivery system to introduce the sgRNA and Cas9 into the cell. Although a number of different delivery systems are potentially available for CRISPR, [ 37 ] [ 38 ] genome-wide loss-of-function screens are predominantly carried out using third generation lentiviral vectors.