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Surface runoff is defined as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail [5]) that reaches a surface stream without ever passing below the soil surface. [6] It is distinct from direct runoff, which is runoff that reaches surface streams immediately after rainfall or melting snowfall and excludes runoff generated by the melting of snowpack or ...
Runoff is the flow of water across the earth, and is a major component in the hydrological cycle. Runoff that flows over land before reaching a watercourse is referred to as surface runoff or overland flow. Once in a watercourse, runoff is referred to as streamflow, channel runoff, or river runoff. Urban runoff is surface runoff created by ...
Runoff or run-off, another name for bleed, printing that lies beyond the edges to which a printed sheet is trimmed; Runoff or run-off, a stock market term; Runoff voting system, also known as the two-round system, a voting system where a second round of voting is used to elect one of the two candidates receiving the most votes in the first round
In addition to the pollutants carried in stormwater runoff, urban runoff is being recognized as a cause of pollution in its own right. In natural catchments ( watersheds ) surface runoff entering waterways is a relatively rare event, occurring only a few times each year and generally after larger storms.
A runoff models or rainfall-runoff model describes how rainfall is converted into runoff in a drainage basin (catchment area or watershed). More precisely, it produces a surface runoff hydrograph in response to a rainfall event, represented by and input as a hyetograph. Rainfall-runoff models need to be calibrated before they can be used.
Here, a runoff can be called if no candidate wins more than 30% of the vote — but it doesn’t happen automatically. The second-place candidate has to request a runoff to set the wheels in motion.
Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater, landscape irrigation, and car washing [1] created by urbanization. Impervious surfaces ( roads , parking lots and sidewalks ) are constructed during land development .
North Carolina is one of only nine states that conduct runoffs in primary elections, a practice that began in the Jim Crow era of the American South.