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The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the New World (the Americas) in the Western Hemisphere, and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) in the Eastern Hemisphere, from the late 15th century on.
In February 2021, a controversial study claimed that Venetian glass trade beads had been found at three prehistoric Eskimo sites in Alaska. The authors believe the beads were transported from Venice, Italy, across Eurasia and over the Bering Strait, making this discovery "the first documented instance of the presence of indubitable European materials in prehistoric sites in the western ...
This trade, in trade volume, was primarily with South America, where most slaves were sold, but a classic example taught in 20th century studies is the colonial molasses trade, which involved the circuitous trading of slaves, sugar (often in liquid form, as molasses), and rum between West Africa, the West Indies and the northern colonies of ...
[8] [failed verification] [better source needed] From 1500 to 1800, Bolivia and Mexico produced about 80% [9] of the world's silver with 30% of it eventually ending up in China. In the late 16th and early 17th century, Japan was also exporting heavily into China and the foreign trade at large. [9] As has been demonstrated, China dominated ...
The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [1] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
Map of Meridian Line set under the Treaty of Tordesillas The Slave Trade by Auguste François Biard, 1840. The Atlantic slave trade is customarily divided into two eras, known as the first and second Atlantic systems. Slightly more than 3% of the enslaved people exported from Africa were traded between 1525 and 1600, and 16% in the 17th century.
Map of the Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia. The first inhabitants of Colombia were migrating members of the Mesoamericans who established themselves in the area c. 1200 BC followed by two other waves c. 500 BC and a third one between 400 and 300 BC.
Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26931-8. Young, Gary Keith (2001). Rome's Eastern Trade: International Commerce and Imperial Policy, 31 BC–AD 305. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24219-3. Scarre, Chris (1995). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051329-9. Toutain, Jules ...