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  2. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    The bond angle for water is 104.5°. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈvɛspər, vəˈsɛpər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər[2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. [3] It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm ...

  3. Octet rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_rule

    Octet rule. The bonding in carbon dioxide (CO 2): all atoms are surrounded by 8 electrons, fulfilling the octet rule. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a ...

  4. Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_pyramidal...

    Bond angle (s) 90°<θ<109.5°. μ (Polarity) >0. In chemistry, a trigonal pyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base, resembling a tetrahedron (not to be confused with the tetrahedral geometry). When all three atoms at the corners are identical, the molecule belongs to point ...

  5. Linear molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_molecular_geometry

    The linear molecular geometry describes the geometry around a central atom bonded to two other atoms (or ligands) placed at a bond angle of 180°. Linear organic molecules, such as acetylene (HC≡CH), are often described by invoking sp orbital hybridization for their carbon centers. Two sp orbitals. According to the VSEPR model (Valence Shell ...

  6. Oxygen difluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_difluoride

    Oxygen difluoride is a chemical compound with the formula OF2. As predicted by VSEPR theory, the molecule adopts a bent molecular geometry. It is a strong oxidizer and has attracted attention in rocketry for this reason. [5] With a boiling point of −144.75 °C, OF 2 is the most volatile (isolable) triatomic compound. [6]

  7. Trigonal planar molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_planar_molecular...

    0. Structure of boron trifluoride, an example of a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. In chemistry, trigonal planar is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. [1] In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are ...

  8. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    A molecular model is a physical model of an atomistic system that represents molecules and their processes. They play an important role in understanding chemistry and generating and testing hypotheses. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behavior is referred to as molecular modeling, and their graphical depiction is ...

  9. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    The Bohr model of the chemical bond took into account the Coulomb repulsion – the electrons in the ring are at the maximum distance from each other. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] In 1927, the first mathematically complete quantum description of a simple chemical bond, i.e. that produced by one electron in the hydrogen molecular ion, H 2 + , was derived by ...