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Crosses in heraldry. A number of cross symbols were developed for the purpose of the emerging system of heraldry, which appeared in Western Europe in about 1200. This tradition is partly in the use of the Christian cross an emblem from the 11th century, and increasingly during the age of the Crusades.
In the Catholic Church, display of a cross behind the shield is restricted to bishops and archbishops as a mark of their dignity. [38] The cross of an ordinary bishop has a single horizontal bar or traverse, also known as a Latin cross. A patriarch uses the patriarchal cross with two traverses, also called the cross of Lorraine. The papal cross ...
Christian crosses are used widely in churches, on top of church buildings, on bibles, in heraldry, in personal jewelry, on hilltops, and elsewhere as an attestation or other symbol of Christianity. Crosses are a prominent feature of Christian cemeteries, either carved on gravestones or as sculpted stelae.
Cross of the Order of Saint John. Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus. The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four "V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which developed from earlier forms of eight-pointed ...
The Cross of Lorraine (French: Croix de Lorraine), known as the Cross of Anjou in the 16th century, is a heraldic two-barred cross, consisting of a vertical line crossed by two shorter horizontal bars. In most renditions, the horizontal bars are "graded" with the upper bar being the shorter, though variations with the bars of equal length are ...
The Jerusalem cross (also known as "five-fold Cross", or "cross-and-crosslets") is a heraldic cross and Christian cross variant consisting of a large cross potent surrounded by four smaller Greek crosses, one in each quadrant. Heavily popularized in the crusades, it was used as the emblem and coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the 1280s.
In heraldry, the cross is also called the Santiago cross or the cruz espada (English: sword cross). [1] It is a charge, or symbol, in the form of a cross.The design combines a cross fitchy or fitchée, one whose lower limb comes to a point, with either a cross fleury, [2] the arms of which end in fleurs-de-lis, or a cross moline where the ends of the arms are forked and rounded.
A sample of variants of the cross pattée Image Description With the edges of the arms concave throughout. Best known for its use as the Iron Cross, based on the Leechkirche [] of the Teutonic Order (), used as a symbol of the German Empire that was present in its War Ensign and war materiel, including on Luftstreitkräfte aircraft until April 1918 when the Balkenkreuz was introduced.