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The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and is the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint "Judges of the Supreme Court ...
John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is an American jurist serving since 2005 as the 17th chief justice of the United States.He has been described as having a moderate conservative judicial philosophy, though he is primarily an institutionalist.
The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Nepal the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Ghana, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court ...
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1941–1942 Salmon P. Chase: Secretary of the Treasury, 1861–1864: Senator, Ohio, 1849–1855; 1861: Chief Justice of the United States, 1864–1873 Henry D. Clayton Jr. United States Attorney, Middle District of Alabama, 1893–1896: Representative, Alabama, 1897–1914
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 116 people have served on the Court. The length of service on the Court for the 107 non-incumbent justices ranges from William O. Douglas's 36 years, 209 days to John Rutledge's 1 year, 18 days as associate justice and, separated by a period of years off the Court, his 138 days as chief justice.
[181] [c] He was sworn in by Justice Byron White in a ceremony initially scheduled for October 21, which was postponed because of the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist's wife, Natalie. [183] [184] [185] His first set of law clerks included future judges Gregory Katsas and Gregory Maggs and U.S. Ambassador Christopher Landau. [186] [187]
The longest serving chief justice was John Marshall, with a tenure of 12,570 days (34 years, 152 days). John Rutledge, who served on the court twice, was both the shortest serving associate justice, with a tenure of 383 days (1 year, 18 days), and the shortest serving chief justice, with a tenure of 138 days (4 months 16
The Jay Court era, under the leadership of John Jay, lasted from February 2, 1790, when the court held its inaugural session, [3] to June 29, 1795. [4] The Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of Supreme Court justices at six: one chief justice and five associate justices. [5]