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This glossary includes terms defining features of lichens unique to their composite nature, such as the major components the two major components of lichens (mycobiont and photobiont); specialized structures in lichen physiology; descriptors of types of lichens; two- and three-dimensional shapes used to describe spores and other lichen ...
A lichen (/ ˈ l aɪ k ən / LIE-kən, UK also / ˈ l ɪ tʃ ən / LI-chən) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungi species, along with yeasts and bacteria [1] [2] embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.
But sometimes the parts of a lichen species common name are common names of other lichen genera. For example, Psilolechia lucida, in the genus Psilolechia, is commonly called "sulphur dust lichen". [1] [2] But "sulphur lichen" refers to the genus Fulgensia, and "dust lichen" refers either to the genus Chrysothrix or the genus Lepraria. [1] [3 ...
Thallus (pl. thalli) – the vegetative body of a lichen, made up of both mycobiont and photobiont components. [21] Cortex – the lichen's outer layer(s), made up of tightly woven fungal filaments. [22] Isidium (pl. isidia) – outgrowths of the thallus which contain photobiont cells and provide means of vegetative reproduction for some ...
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During wet periods, the lichen can absorb water, its tissues can swell, and the cracks close. [10] The term "areolate" is derived from the Latin word areolatus, meaning "with areolae" (the plural of a diminutive form of area, meaning "halo" or "open space") combined with the Latin suffix -atus, meaning "provided with" or "likeness". [12]
This is possible due to the action of lichen phenolics such as usnic acid derivatives. [34] From the 1950s the lichen product usnic acid was the object of most antitumour research. These studies revealed some in vitro antitumour activity by substances identified in two common lichens Peltigera leucophlebia and Collema flaccidum. [35]
The lichen's ability to endure and adapt to rapid temperature changes and hydration levels is critical for its survival in these alpine conditions. During chinook wind events, for instance, the lichen experiences swift transitions from heavy snowfall to melting conditions, leading to brief but significant periods of hydration essential for ...