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In software engineering, coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are, [1] and the strength of the relationships between modules. [2] Coupling is not binary but multi-dimensional. [3] Coupling and cohesion. Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion.
High cohesion is an evaluative pattern that attempts to keep objects appropriately focused, manageable and understandable. High cohesion is generally used in support of low coupling. High cohesion means that the responsibilities of a given set of elements are strongly related and highly focused on a rather specific topic.
Cohesion is often contrasted with coupling. High cohesion often correlates with loose coupling, and vice versa. [2] The software metrics of coupling and cohesion were invented by Larry Constantine in the late 1960s as part of Structured Design, based on characteristics of “good” programming practices that reduced maintenance and ...
The model is named after database pioneer Charles Bachman, and mostly used in computer software design. In a relational model, a relation is the cohesion of attributes that are fully and not transitive functional dependent [clarify] of every key in that relation. The coupling between the relations is based on accordant attributes.
Also known as a functional decomposition approach, it focuses on cohesion within functions and coupling between functions leading to structured data. [ 11 ] The functional decomposition of the structured method describes the process without delineating system behavior and dictates system structure in the form of required functions.
They aid in understanding which classes should go into which packages (package cohesion) and how these packages should relate with one another (package coupling). Package principles also includes software package metrics , which help to quantify the dependency structure, giving different and/or more precise insights into the overall structure ...
Chidamber and Kemerer [4] proposed a set of programing complexity metrics widely used in measurements and academic articles: weighted methods per class, coupling between object classes, response for a class, number of children, depth of inheritance tree, and lack of cohesion of methods, described below:
Coupling refers to the degree of direct knowledge that one component has of another. Loose coupling in computing is interpreted as encapsulation versus non-encapsulation. An example of tight coupling is when a dependent class contains a pointer directly to a concrete class which provides the required behavior.