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Almandine garnet is the state mineral of Connecticut, [60] [61] star garnet is the state gemstone of Idaho, [62] garnet is the state gemstone of New York, [63] [64] and grossular garnet is the state gemstone of Vermont.
Optical properties of common minerals Name Crystal system Indicatrix Optical sign Birefringence Color in plain polars Anorthite: Triclinic: Biaxial (-) 0.013
Birefringence is observed in anisotropic elastic materials. In these materials, the two polarizations split according to their effective refractive indices, which are also sensitive to stress. The study of birefringence in shear waves traveling through the solid Earth (the Earth's liquid core does not support shear waves) is widely used in ...
Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y 3 Al 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group. It is a cubic yttrium aluminium oxide phase, with other examples being YAlO 3 (YAP [ 2 ] ) in a hexagonal or an orthorhombic, perovskite -like form, and the monoclinic Y 4 Al 2 O 9 (YAM [ 3 ] ).
If the birefringence is known, then the thickness, t, of the sample can be determined; If the thickness is known, then the birefringence of the sample can be determined; As the order of the optical path difference increases, then it is more likely that more wavelengths of light will be removed from the spectrum.
It occurs with almandine garnet, micas, kyanite; as well as albite, biotite, and sillimanite in gneiss and schist of regional metamorphic rocks. [7] It is the official state mineral of the U.S. state of Georgia and is also to be found in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland. Staurolite is most commonly found in Fannin County, Georgia. [8]
An optic axis is a direction rather than a single line: all rays that are parallel to that direction exhibit the same lack of birefringence. [ 1 ] Crystals may have a single optic axis, in which case they are uniaxial , or two different optic axes, in which case they are biaxial .
Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG, Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, with good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. It is typically colorless. It has a cubic lattice, a density of 7.08 g/cm 3 and its Mohs hardness is variously noted as 6.5 and 7.5.