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There are at least two ways of representing quaternions as matrices in such a way that quaternion addition and multiplication correspond to matrix addition and matrix multiplication. One is to use 2 × 2 complex matrices, and the other is to use 4 × 4 real matrices. In each case, the representation given is one of a family of linearly related ...
The quaternions form a noncommutative ring, and therefore addition and multiplication can be defined for quaternionic matrices as for matrices over any ring. Addition. The sum of two quaternionic matrices A and B is defined in the usual way by element-wise addition: (+) = +. Multiplication.
The formulae for the multiplication of quaternions are implicit in the four squares formula devised by Leonhard Euler in 1748. In 1840, Olinde Rodrigues used spherical trigonometry and developed a formula closely related to quaternion multiplication in order to describe the new axis and angle of two combined rotations. [3] [4]: 9
Like rotation matrices, quaternions must sometimes be renormalized due to rounding errors, to make sure that they correspond to valid rotations. The computational cost of renormalizing a quaternion, however, is much less than for normalizing a 3 × 3 matrix. Quaternions also capture the spinorial character of rotations in three dimensions.
Cayley Q8 graph of quaternion multiplication showing cycles of multiplication of i (red), j (green) and k (blue). In the SVG file, hover over or click a path to highlight it. All of the Clifford algebras Cl p , q ( R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } ) apart from the real numbers, complex numbers and the quaternions contain non-real elements that ...
Multiplication of a scalar and a vector was accomplished with the same single multiplication operator; multiplication of two vectors of quaternions used this same operation as did multiplication of a quaternion and a vector or of two quaternions.