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There are at least two ways of representing quaternions as matrices in such a way that quaternion addition and multiplication correspond to matrix addition and matrix multiplication. One is to use 2 × 2 complex matrices, and the other is to use 4 × 4 real matrices.
Multiplication of a scalar and a vector was accomplished with the same single multiplication operator; multiplication of two vectors of quaternions used this same operation as did multiplication of a quaternion and a vector or of two quaternions.
Multiplication is often defined for natural numbers, then extended to whole numbers, fractions, and irrational numbers. However, abstract algebra has a more general definition of multiplication as a binary operation on some objects that may or may not be numbers. Notably, one can multiply complex numbers, vectors, matrices, and quaternions.
The formulae for the multiplication of quaternions are implicit in the four squares formula devised by Leonhard Euler in 1748. In 1840, Olinde Rodrigues used spherical trigonometry and developed a formula closely related to quaternion multiplication in order to describe the new axis and angle of two combined rotations. [3] [4]: 9
Cayley Q8 graph of quaternion multiplication showing cycles of multiplication of i (red), j (green) and k (blue). In the SVG file, hover over or click a path to highlight it. The next step in the construction is to generalize the multiplication and conjugation operations. Form ordered pairs (a, b) of complex numbers a and b, with multiplication ...
Multiplication is distributive over addition, so the product of two octonions can be calculated by summing the products of all the terms, again like quaternions. The product of each pair of terms can be given by multiplication of the coefficients and a multiplication table of the unit octonions, like this one (given both by Arthur Cayley in ...
Cayley Q8 graph of quaternion multiplication showing cycles of multiplication of i (red), j (green) and k (blue). In the SVG file, hover over or click a path to highlight it. All of the Clifford algebras Cl p , q ( R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } ) apart from the real numbers, complex numbers and the quaternions contain non-real elements that ...
The quaternions form a noncommutative ring, and therefore addition and multiplication can be defined for quaternionic matrices as for matrices over any ring. Addition. The sum of two quaternionic matrices A and B is defined in the usual way by element-wise addition: (+) = +. Multiplication.